-
[anses-04372908] Exploring the relationship between Faecalibacterium duncaniae and Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Insights and implications
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders characterized by an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and represents a major social and economic burden. Despite ongoing research into the etiology and pathophysiology of this multifactorial disease, treatment options remain limited. From this perspective, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential player in the pathogenesis of IBD, and animal and human studies support this hypothesis. Indeed, the human gut is one of the most complex ecological communities (composed of 1013-1014 microorganisms) that plays a critical role in human health by influencing normal physiology and disease susceptibility through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. In addition, live probiotic bacteria present in some food products (which transit through the GIT) have been shown to interact with the host immune system and confer several health benefits. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the link between Faecalibacterium duncaniae and Escherichia coli and IBD, highlighting the main areas of research in this field. An ecological perspective on the gut microbiota may offer new insights for the development of clinical therapies targeting this bacterial community to improve human health.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz) 08 Feb 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04372908v1
-
[hal-04693283] Broad range molecular detection methods identify only Borrelia spp. in erythema migrans biopsies and blood of tick-bitten patients
In this multicenter study conducted in France, we challenged the hypothesis of the transmission of pathogens other than Borrelia spp. in 22 patients developing erythema migrans following a tick bite. Using a combination of high-throughput microfluidic PCRs and agnostic metagenomics on skin biopsies and blood samples, no microorganisms other than Borrelia spp. was found.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Pérot) 12 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04693283v1
-
[hal-04693288] Contributions of birds to the feeding of ticks at host community level: Effects of tick burden, host density and yearly fluctuations
The eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases hinges on the abundance and distribution of hosts that sustain tick populations and the pathogens they carry. Research into the role of bird species in the feeding of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the primary tick species of veterinary and public health importance in Europe, remains scarce. This study endeavors to bridge these knowledge gaps by (i) assessing the density of feeding ticks (DFT) within a bird community to pinpoint species making substantial contributions, and (ii) exploring interannual variations in DFT over an extended timeline. Furthermore, we investigate whether variations in individual tick burden (TB) were more closely associated with the characteristics of bird species or interannual variations affecting the density of questing tick, using interannual TB variation as a surrogate. To fulfill these aims, we conducted a 13-year longitudinal study monitoring I. ricinus ticks feeding on a bird community in a periurban forest in France, covering breeding periods from 2007 to 2019. Within this community, we identified seven principal bird species significantly contributing to I. ricinus tick feeding: the Common Blackbird (Turdus merula), the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos), the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula), the Dunnock (Prunella modularis), the Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), the Great Tit (Parus major), and the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos). Our results show that the bird community’s contribution to tick feeding remained relatively consistent from year-to-year, though certain years displayed higher or lower DFT values related to the average over the study period. Moreover, five out the seven major species accounted for 80 % to 95 % of DFT annually. Consequently, we emphasized the need to broaden the scope of future research on bird contributions to tick population dynamics beyond merely thrushes (Turdidae species), to encompass a more diverse range of species, particularly those common birds that engage in ground foraging activities. Furthermore, variations in individual tick burden were predominantly influenced by the characteristics of bird species rather than by interannual variability in infestation rates. This finding suggests a significant role for species-specific traits in determining tick exposure and susceptibility. In conclusion, our study offers new insights into the medium-term dynamics of tick-bird ecological systems, underscoring the need for future study of tick populations and their interactions with vertebrate hosts to improve our understanding of tick-borne disease circulation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amalia Rataud) 10 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04693288v1
-
[hal-04690771] Disruption of bacterial interactions and community assembly in Babesia-infected Haemaphysalis longicornis following antibiotic treatment
Background : A previous study highlighted the role of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the tick microbiota, facilitating the transstadial transmission of Babesia microti from nymph to adult in Haemaphysalis longicornis. This study builds on previous findings by analyzing sequence data from an earlier study to investigate bacterial interactions that could be linked to enhanced transstadial transmission of Babesia in ticks. The study employed antibiotic-treated (AT) and control-treated (CT) Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks to investigate shifts in microbial community assembly. Network analysis techniques were utilized to assess bacterial interactions, comparing network centrality measures between AT and CT groups, alongside studying network robustness and connectivity loss. Additionally, functional profiling was conducted to evaluate metabolic diversity in response to antibiotic treatment. Results : The analysis revealed notable changes in microbial community assembly in response to antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic-treated (AT) ticks displayed a greater number of connected nodes but fewer correlations compared to control-treated (CT) ticks, indicating a less interactive yet more connected microbial community. Network centrality measures such as degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centrality, differed significantly between AT and CT groups, suggesting alterations in local network dynamics due to antibiotic intervention. Coxiella and Acinetobacter exhibited disrupted connectivity and roles, with the former showing reduced interactions in AT group and the latter displaying a loss of connected nodes, emphasizing their crucial roles in microbial network stability. Robustness tests against node removal showed decreased stability in AT networks, particularly under directed attacks, confirming a susceptibility of the microbial community to disturbances. Functional profile analysis further indicated a higher diversity and richness in metabolic capabilities in the AT group, reflecting potential shifts in microbial metabolism as a consequence of antimicrobial treatment.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myriam Kratou) 06 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04690771v1
-
[hal-04690776] Differential interactions of Rickettsia species with tick microbiota in Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus
Tick-borne rickettsioses, caused by Gram-negative bacteria of the Rickettsia genus, pose a growing global threat, with various arthropod vectors contributing to their transmission. Understanding the complex interactions within tick microbiota, including the role of Rickettsia species, is crucial for elucidating the dynamics of rickettsial diseases. Here, we investigate the taxonomic profiles and co-occurrence networks of Rickettsia in Rh. sanguineus sensus lato (s.l.) and Rh. turanicus ticks, revealing significant differences in community composition and local connectivity of Rickettsia species. While the microbiota of both tick species share common taxa, distinct differences in relative abundance and network topology suggest unique ecological niches. Moreover, robustness analysis demonstrates varying resilience to perturbations, indicating different strategies for network organization. Our findings also highlight metabolic differences between tick species, suggesting potential implications for Rickettsia interactions. Overall, this study provides insights into the intricate microbial landscape within ticks, shedding light on the functional redundancy and metabolic pathways associated with Rickettsia, thus advancing our understanding of tick-borne diseases.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Apolline Maitre) 06 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04690776v1
-
[hal-04691674] Peri-domestic entomological surveillance using private traps allows detection of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus during an autochthonous transmission event in mainland France, late summer 2023
While locally-acquired dengue virus (DENV) human infections occur in mainland France since 2010, data to identify the mosquito species involved and to trace the virus are frequently lacking. Supported by a local network gathering public health agencies and research laboratories, we analysed, in late summer 2023, mosquitoes from privately-owned traps within a French urban neighbourhood affected by a dengue cluster. The cluster, in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, comprised three cases, including two autochthonous ones. Upon return from a recent visit to the French Caribbean Islands, the third case had consulted healthcare because of dengue-compatible symptoms, but dengue had not been recognised. For the two autochthonous cases, DENV-specific antibodies in serum or a positive quantitative PCR for DENV confirmed DENV infection. The third case had anti-flavivirus IgMs. No DENV genetic sequences were obtained from affected individuals but Aedes albopictus mosquitoes trapped less than 200 m from the autochthonous cases’ residence contained DENV. Genetic data from the mosquito-derived DENV linked the cluster to the 2023–2024 dengue outbreak in the French Caribbean Islands. This study highlights the importance of raising mosquito-borne disease awareness among healthcare professionals. It demonstrates Ae. albopictus as a DENV vector in mainland France and the value of private mosquito traps for entomo−virological surveillance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Barbara Viginier) 10 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04691674v1
-
[hal-04695205] Clinical and histopathological features of a chronic radiation-induced dermatitis in a dog and management with an ultra-hydrolysed collagen cream
<div><p>In this report, we present a case of chronic radiation-induced dermatitis, controlled with an ultra-hydrolysed marine collagen cream. We also describe the clinical and histopathological features of chronic radiation dermatitis in a dog.</p></div> <div>BACKGROUND<p>This article is of twofold interest. It describes for the first time, the clinical and histological aspects of chronic radiodermatitis (RD) in a dog and compares it with that described in humans. It also offers a treatment that has been shown to be effective, based on ultra-hydrolysed collagen, in a condition for which no treatment has been shown to be effective.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Noëlle Cochet Faivre) 12 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04695205v1
-
[hal-04633489] Differential nested patterns of Anaplasma marginale and Coxiella-like endosymbiont across Rhipicephalus microplus ontogeny
Understanding the intricate ecological interactions within the microbiome of arthropod vectors is crucial for elucidating disease transmission dynamics and developing effective control strategies. In this study, we investigated the ecological roles of Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE) and Anaplasma marginale across larval, nymphal, and adult stages of Rhipicephalus microplus. We hypothesized that CLE would show a stable, nested pattern reflecting co-evolution with the tick host, while A. marginale would exhibit a more dynamic, non-nested pattern influenced by environmental factors and host immune responses. Our findings revealed a stable, nested pattern characteristic of co-evolutionary mutualism for CLE, occurring in all developmental stages of the tick. Conversely, A. marginale exhibited variable occurrence but exerted significant influence on microbial community structure, challenging our initial hypotheses of its non-nested dynamics. Furthermore, in silico removal of both microbes from the co-occurrence networks altered network topology, underscoring their central roles in the R. microplus microbiome. Notably, competitive interactions between CLE and A. marginale were observed in nymphal network, potentially reflecting the impact of CLE on the pathogen transstadial-transmission. These findings shed light on the complex ecological dynamics within tick microbiomes and have implications for disease management strategies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lianet Abuin-Denis) 03 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04633489v1
-
[hal-04677928] Tick-borne diseases at the crossroads of the Middle East and central Europe
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pavle Banović) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04677928v1
-
[hal-04677931] Differential nested patterns of Anaplasma marginale and Coxiella-like endosymbiont across Rhipicephalus microplus ontogeny
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lianet Abuin-Denis) 27 Aug 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04677931v1
-
[hal-04690296] Last years emerging parasites in Europe - a challenge on how to anticipate
According to WHOA, emerging diseases are new infections caused by the evolution or modification of an existing pathogen, such as a parasite, due to a change of host, vector, pathogenicity or strain. These diseases could become more numerous in the context of global warming, which could alter the range of certain parasites and/or their potential vectors. With regard to emerging parasites, the concept of emergence is associated either with a new parasite described by science or with a parasite whose area of incidence or host range is expanding. Very often, the mechanism of the emergence consists of two steps: first, the introduction of a new parasitic agent and second, its spread to a more susceptible or immunologically unadapted population. The emergence of parasites is often linked to their reservoir hosts, often found in wildlife (e.g. foxes in the case of Echinococcus multilocularis). More recently, some parasite introductions or expansion into new areas have been associated with an increase in vectors such as the recent increase of Dirofilaria repens, which emerged recently in Northern European countries. Regarding vectors, people think about biting arthropods. What about gastropods? They host many parasites, including some emerging ones. The recent emergence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Spain, first in Tenerife, then in Majorca and finally in mainland Spain in and around Valencia, is evidence of their importance. In addition to Human diseases, an important point is the increase in parasitic diseases also in domestic animals such as pulmonary infections in cats due to Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior … Moreover, the increase and spread of Angiostrongylus chabaudi, A. vasorum, as well as the recent cases caused by A. dujardini show the importance of t aking into account terrestrial gastropods. The impact of these parasites/hosts on Global Health highlights the need for a European network, which we are currently building.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Grégory Karadjian) 06 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04690296v1
-
[hal-04690313] Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in France and new insights on parasitic viruses - importance of one health approach
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Damien Costa) 06 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04690313v1
-
[hal-04690302] In vivo study on the zoonotic potential of Cryptocotyle lingua (Digenea)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maureen Duflot) 06 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04690302v1
-
[hal-04677925] Diversity of bartonellae in mites ( Acari: Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae ) of boreal forest bats: Association of host specificity of mites and habitat selection of hosts with vector potential
Abstract Research into various bacterial pathogens that can be transmitted between different animals and may have zoonotic potential has led to the discovery of different strains of Bartonella sp. in bats and their associated ectoparasites. Despite their enormous species diversity, only a few studies have focussed on the detection of bacterial pathogens in insectivorous bats of boreal forests and their associated Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae mites. We collected and molecularly analysed mite samples from forest‐dwelling bat species distributed all along the boreal belt of the Palearctic, from Central Europe to Far East. Ectoparasitic mites were pooled for DNA extraction and DNA amplification polymerase chain reaction (PCRs) were conducted to detect the presence of various bacterial (Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella sp., Rickettsia sp., Mycoplasma sp.) and protozoal ( Hepatozoon sp.) pathogens. Bartonella sp. DNA was detected in four different mite species (Macronyssidae: Steatonyssus periblepharus and Spinturnicidae: Spinturnix acuminata , Sp. myoti and Sp. mystacinus ), with different prevalences of the targeted gene ( glt A, 16‐23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer and fts Z). Larger pools (&gt;5 samples pooled) were more likely to harbour Bartonella sp. DNA, than smaller ones. In addition, cave‐dwelling bat hosts and host generalist mite species are more associated with Bartonella spp. presence. Spinturnicidae mites may transmit several distinct Bartonella strains, which cluster phylogenetically close to Bartonella species known to cause diseases in humans and livestock. Mites with ubiquitous presence may facilitate the long‐term maintenance (and even local recurrence) of Bartonella ‐infestations inside local bat populations, thus acting as continuous reservoirs for Bartonella spp in bats.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Attila Sándor) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04677925v1
-
[hal-04693556] Anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation alters the transcription levels of the genes encoding the SIFamide and myoinhibitory peptide and their receptors in Ixodes ricinus synganglion
Abstract The research of the influences of man-made electromagnetic fields on tick physiology has been very sparse and long neglected since the pioneer studies published in 1996 and 2000. Once multiple behavioral tests confirmed an attraction and possible perception of electromagnetic fields in ticks, a new interest in this topic erupted in recent years. In this study, qRT-PCR is utilized to determine the changes in the mRNA transcript levels of neuropeptides SIFamide and myoinhibitory peptide ( mip and sifa ) and their representative receptors ( mip-r1 and sifa-r1 ) in the synganglia of the tick Ixodes ricinus irradiated by 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field. It was determined that 40 V/m intensity has a significant suppressory effect on the transcript levels of all genes after at least 60 minutes of constant exposure in both sexes. Commonly occurring intensity of radiation in urban areas (2 V/m) produced an elevation in mRNA levels after various timespans in every gene. A significant decrease of transcript abundances was detected in females after one hour of exposure to 2 V/m. Results of this study widen the knowledge of EMF-induced alterations in the neurophysiology of I. ricinus , the most commonly distributed hard tick in Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lívia Šofranková) 10 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04693556v1
-
[hal-04688364] Microbiota‐driven vaccination in soft ticks: Implications for survival, fitness and reproductive capabilities in Ornithodoros moubata
Abstract The Ornithodoros moubata (Om) soft tick, a vector for diseases like tick‐borne human relapsing fever and African swine fever, poses challenges to conventional control methods. With diminishing insecticide efficacy, harnessing the tick's microbiota through innovative approaches like microbiota‐driven vaccination emerges as a promising strategy for sustainable and targeted disease control. This study investigated the intricate relationship between Pseudomonas , a keystone taxon in the Om microbiome, and its impact on tick fitness, microbiome structure and network dynamics. Utilizing in silico analyses and empirical vaccination experiments, the role of Pseudomonas within microbial networks in the tick midguts (MG) and salivary glands (SG) of Om was studied. Additionally, the consequences of anti‐microbiota vaccines targeting Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus on tick fitness, microbiome diversity and community assembly were explored. The result of the study shows that in Om, Pseudomonas plays a central role in microbial networks, influencing keystone species despite being categorized as peripheral (interacting with 47 different taxa, 13 of which are keystone species). Anti‐microbiota vaccination targeting Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus yields distinct effects on tick fitness, with Pseudomonas vaccination significantly impacting female tick survival, while Lactobacillus significantly reduced oviposition and fertility. Microbiome changes post‐vaccination reveal diversity alterations, emphasizing the impact of vaccine choice. Community assembly dynamics and network robustness analyses highlight Pseudomonas ' pivotal role, in influencing topological features and network resilience. The findings of the study provide comprehensive insights into the intricate dynamics of Om microbial networks and the potential of targeted microbiota‐driven vaccines for tick control.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana Laura Cano-Argüelles) 05 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04688364v1
-
[hal-04664424] Infection dynamics following experimental challenge of pigs orally dosed with different stages of two archetypal genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Filip Dámek) 30 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04664424v1
-
[hal-04646179] Co-infection dynamics of B. afzelii and TBEV in C3H mice: insights and implications for future research
ABSTRACT Ticks are important vectors of disease, particularly in the context of One Health, where tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are increasingly prevalent worldwide. TBDs often involve co-infections, where multiple pathogens co-exist in a single host. Patients with chronic Lyme disease often have co-infections with other bacteria or parasites. This study aimed to create a co-infection model with Borrelia afzelii and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in C3H mice and to evaluate symptoms, mortality, and pathogen level compared to single infections. Successful co-infection of C3H mice with B. afzelii and TBEV was achieved. Outcomes varied, depending on the timing of infection. When TBEV infection followed B. afzelii infection by 9 days, TBEV symptoms worsened and virus levels increased. Conversely, mice infected 21 days apart with TBEV showed milder symptoms and lower mortality. Simultaneous infection resulted in mild symptoms and no deaths. However, our model did not effectively infect ticks with TBEV, possibly due to suboptimal dosing, highlighting the challenges of replicating natural conditions. Understanding the consequences of co-infection is crucial, given the increasing prevalence of TBD. Co-infected individuals may experience exacerbated symptoms, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding through refined animal models. This study advances knowledge of TBD and highlights the importance of exploring co-infection dynamics in host-pathogen interactions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Stefania Porcelli) 12 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04646179v1
-
[hal-04643965] Comparative genomics of Cryptosporidium parvum reveals the emergence of an outbreak-associated population in Europe and its spread to the United States
The zoonotic parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is a global cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans and ruminants. Sequence analysis of the highly polymorphic gp60 gene enabled the classification of C. parvum isolates into multiple groups (e.g., IIa, IIc, Id) and a large number of subtypes. In Europe, subtype IIaA15G2R1 is largely predominant and has been associated with many water- and food-borne outbreaks. In this study, we generated new whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from 123 human- and ruminant-derived isolates collected in 13 European countries and included other available WGS data from Europe, Egypt, China, and the United States (n = 72) in the largest comparative genomics study to date. We applied rigorous filters to exclude mixed infections and analyzed a data set from 141 isolates from the zoonotic groups IIa (n = 119) and IId (n = 22). Based on 28,047 high-quality, biallelic genomic SNPs, we identified three distinct and strongly supported populations: Isolates from China (IId) and Egypt (IIa and IId) formed population 1; a minority of European isolates (IIa and IId) formed population 2; and the majority of European (IIa, including all IIaA15G2R1 isolates) and all isolates from the United States (IIa) clustered in population 3. Based on analyses of the population structure, population genetics, and recombination, we show that population 3 has recently emerged and expanded throughout Europe to then, possibly from the United Kingdom, reach the United States, where it also expanded. The reason(s) for the successful spread of population 3 remain elusive, although genes under selective pressure uniquely in this population were identified.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Greta Bellinzona) 10 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04643965v1
-
[hal-04629155] EDA Missense Variant in a Cat with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a developmental defect characterized by sparse or absent hair, missing or malformed teeth and defects in eccrine glands. Loss-of-function variants in the X-chromosomal EDA gene have been reported to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We investigated a male cat exhibiting diffuse truncal alopecia with a completely absent undercoat. The cat lacked several teeth, and the remaining teeth had an abnormal conical shape. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense variant in the EDA gene, XM_011291781.3:c.1042G&gt;A or XP_011290083.1:p.(Ala348Thr). The predicted amino acid exchange is located in the C-terminal TNF signaling domain of the encoded ectodysplasin. The corresponding missense variant in the human EDA gene, p.Ala349Thr, has been reported as a recurring pathogenic variant in several human patients with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The identified feline variant therefore represents the likely cause of the hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the investigated cat, and the genetic investigation confirmed the suspected clinical diagnosis. This is the first report of an EDA-related hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in cats.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Stefan J Rietmann) 28 Jun 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04629155v1
-
[hal-04604271] Tick paralysis induced by Ixodes gibbosus: enigmatic cases in domestic mammals from Cyprus
Ticks carry numerous pathogens that, if transmitted, can cause disease in susceptible humans and animals. The present study describes our approach on how to investigate clinical presentations following tick bites in humans. To this aim, the occurrence of major tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in human blood samples ( n = 85) and the ticks collected ( n = 93) from the same individuals were tested using an unbiased high-throughput pathogen detection microfluidic system. The clinical symptoms were characterized in enrolled patients. In patients with suspected TBP infection, serological assays were conducted to test for the presence of antibodies against specific TBPs. A field study based on One Health tenets was further designed to identify components of a potential chain of infection resulting in Rickettsia felis infection in one of the patients. Ticks species infesting humans were identified as Ixodes ricinus , Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Dermacentor reticulatus , and Haemaphysalis punctata . Five patients developed local skin lesions at the site of the tick bite including erythema migrans, local non-specific reactions, and cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction. Although Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Babesia microti , Anaplasma phagocytophilum , and Candidatus Cryptoplasma sp. DNAs were detected in tick samples, different Rickettsia species were the most common TBPs identified in the ticks. The presence of TBPs such as Rickettsia helvetica , Rickettsia monacensis , Borrelia lusitaniae , Borrelia burgdorferi , Borrelia afzelii , A. phagocytophilum , and B. microti in ticks was further confirmed by DNA sequencing. Two of the patients with local skin lesions had IgG reactive against spotted fever group rickettsiae, while IgM specific to B. afzelii , Borrelia garinii , and Borrelia spielmanii were detected in the patient with erythema migrans. Although R. felis infection was detected in one human blood sample, none of the components of the potential chain of infection considered in this study tested positive to this pathogen either using direct pathogen detection in domestic dogs or xenodiagnosis in ticks collected from domestic cats. The combination of high-throughput screening of TBPs and One Health approaches might help characterize chains of infection leading to human infection by TBPs, as well as prevalence of emerging rickettsial pathogens in the Balkan region.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anastasia Diakou) 07 Jun 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04604271v1
-
[hal-04634760] Exploring Cryptocotyle (Trematode) infestation levels in commercial fish species from the English Channel - North Sea ecosystems, and assessment of Cryptocotyle lingua zoonotic potential through in vivo infestation
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maureen Duflot) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04634760v1
-
[hal-04634737] Potential health hazard of invasive species of terrestrial flatworms, in particular as paratenic hosts of Nematodes
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Lou Justine) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04634737v1
-
[hal-04630304] Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in France and new insights on parasitic viruses - importance of one health approach
Cryptosporidium is a unicellular protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium of hosts including both humans and animals especially livestock. To date, 46 species of the genus Cryptosporidium have been described and more than 120 genotypes have been identified. C. parvum is the most prevalent species due to its ability to infect a large variety of hosts. C. hominis is the predominant species in humans in North America, Australia and Japan, as well as in developing countries, while in the Middle East, New Zealand and Europe, we find significantly equivalent to C. parvum and C. hominis, suggesting that zoonotic transmission is important in countries where livestock farming is extensive. Oocysts are excreted in stools of infected animals. Each oocyst contain four sporozoites which represent the infectious form of the parasite. Large quantities of oocysts are excreted in stools (up to 109 oocysts/g of feces in calves). Transmission occurs by direct (human-human, animal-animal or human-animal) or indirect fecal-oral route (water, food). Depending on the country, cryptosporidiosis may be subject to epidemiological surveillance. In France, cryptosporidiosis is not a notifiable disease but a national reference center was designated by the health authorities from 2017 and now a network of more than 80 human diagnostic laboratories participate and report their cases to the national reference center. Thanks to this data, french human cases are increasingly documented. From 2017 to 2023, the number of human reported cases increased from 151 to 1607 respectively. Cryptosporidiosis occurred predominantly in young children (<5 years old) and in young adults, especially during late summer. Most patients were immunocompetent (80%), and deaths were reported only in immunocompromised patients. Main reported risk factors are water exposure (both consumption and exposition during recreative contact). C. parvum was predominant over C. hominis but the C. hominis IfA12G1 subtype is emerging. C. parvum GP60 subtypes IIa and IId were the most represented suggesting frequent zoonotic transmission. In France, very few outbreaks were reported before 2017, and data obtained by the national reference center have shown that outbreaks are in fact common and frequently underreported. Among outbreaks with identified origins: water was predominant followed by consumption of contaminated food. Such contaminations are strongly linked to environmental contamination in France and the one health approach is essential for a better understanding and prevention of cryptosporidiosis. For outbreak investigations, new tools enable better detection of mix of species or discrimination of stools such as NGS or MLVA analysis. In addition, analysis of potential associations between strains of Cryptosporidium and parasitic viruses could be interesting. Indeed, studies have revealed that Cryptosporidium oocysts contain dsRNA classified in the Partitiviridae family and the Cryspovirus genus. Two recent studies have assessed the frequency of Cryspovirus (CSpV-1) in Cryptosporidium isolates. In Japan, Cryspovirus was detected in all isolates of C. parvum (100%) from calves. In Turkey, the prevalence of CSpV-1 was estimated at 8.8% in C. parvum oocysts from sick calves. However, no study has been carried out in France to look for Cryspovirus in Cryptosporidium isolates. The aim of the study in UMR Bipar was: i) to look for the presence of Cryspovirus in Cryptosporidium in the faeces of ruminants and humans. ii) to characterise Cryspovirus at molecular level in order to use it as an epidemiological tracer of Cryptosporidium in livestock. The data showed for the first time the presence of Cryspovirus in France in humans, calves, lambs and goat kids (prevalence >95%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of several clades. Cryspovirus enabled us to discriminate C. parvum subtypes according to the French departments, suggesting that CSpV1 could be a molecular tool for tracing C. parvum at national level.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Damien Costa) 01 Jul 2024
https://enva.hal.science/hal-04630304v1
-
[hal-04634918] Première détection et génotypage de Cryptosporidium chez les hérissons européens (Erinaceus europaeus) en région parisienne.
First detection and subtyping of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from Paris region (France) Myriam Thomas1*, Camille Srun2, Bruno Polack1, Pascal Arné2, Mohamed Mammeri1, Aurélie Chevillot1, Karim Tarik Adjou1, Veronica Risco-Castillo1,2 1Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France. 2Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France. *myriam.thomas@anses.fr The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium spp. is responsible of morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, children, and elderly people. Given its broad host range encompassing both animals and humans, there is a pressing need to elucidate potential transmission sources. Although European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are identified as susceptible hosts, the extent of Cryptosporidium circulation within peri-urban areas in France and the associated public health significance remain uncertain. To address this gap, the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated from hedgehogs hosted at the Wildlife Hospital from the National Veterinary School of Alfort (CHUV-FS, EnvA). Faecal samples (n = 132) were recovered between June 2019 and February 2020, and analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using direct immunofluorescent assays. Positive samples were further characterised by nested PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, and by sequencing. Additionally, epidemiological data such as sex, age (body weight), origin, cause of admission (nutritional, traumatic, infectious) was compiled and statistically analysed. An overall apparent prevalence of 12.9% of Cryptosporidium spp. was obtained, confirming that European hedgehogs from peri-urban areas of Paris region are reservoirs of Cryptosporidium species with zoonotic potential. Most positive hedgehogs did not show digestive clinical signs. Based on SSU rRNA PCR and sequencing, nine faecal samples were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium parvum, and one for Cryptosporidium erinacei. Nine out of 10 SSU rRNA positive samples were also positive using gp60 PCR, and were assigned to the three following zoonotic subtype families: C. parvum (IIc: n = 7; IId: n = 1) and C. erinacei (XIII: n = 1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time of Cryptosporidium description in European hedgehogs in France. Further investigation into the involvement of the European hedgehog in the spread of zoonotic parasites and its implications for public health in France is warranted. Moreover, proactive measures for control are imperative to mitigate transmission among animals and caregivers within Wildlife Centres, as well as among individuals harboring or interacting with these animals.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myriam Thomas) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04634918v1
-
[hal-04628497] A mote in the eye : insights on the diagnosis of corneal fungal disease in horses
Keratomycoses in horses is unfortunately common due to the equine anatomical predisposition, lifestyle, and behavior. Diagnosing and treating this condition can be challenging because eye trauma can facilitate the entry of various opportunistic molds and/or yeast species, and effective treatment relies on proper fungal identification. Here, we aimed to gather cases of fungal keratitis identified in our laboratory at the Veterinary School of Alfort (EnvA) from horse samples received over the past three years. Identification was performed using morphological analysis, MALDI-TOF, and molecular sequencing techniques. Our findings included fungi already associated with disease following eye injury (e.g., Aspergillus, Alternaria), as well as newly identified species. We also assessed the minimal inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents, and the results highlight the need to better establish epidemiological cut-off values for less common pathogenic fungi.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mohamed Mammeri) 11 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04628497v1
-
[hal-04634775] Exploring the molecular diversity of Parascaris spp. infecting horses in France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Kenza Bourier) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04634775v1
-
[hal-04646754] Tick-borne diseases in Europe: Current prevention, control tools and the promise of aptamers
In Europe, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality, affecting both human and animal health. Ticks can transmit a wide variety of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) and feed on many vertebrate hosts. The incidence and public health burden of TBDs are tending to intensify in Europe due to various factors, mainly anthropogenic and often combined. Early detection of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), preventive measures and treatment are of great importance to control TBDs and their expansion. However, there are various limitations in terms of the sensitivity and/or specificity of detection and prevention methods, and even in terms of feasibility. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA that could address these issues as they are able to bind with high affinity and specificity to a wide range of targets (e.g., proteins, small compounds, and cells) due to their unique three-dimensional structure. To date, aptamers have been selected against TBPs such as tick-borne encephalitis virus, Francisella tularensis, and Rickettsia typhi. These studies have demonstrated the benefits of aptamer-based assays for pathogen detection and medical diagnosis. In this review, we address the applications of aptamers to TBDs and discuss their potential for improving prevention measures (use of chemical acaricides, vaccination), diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to control TBDs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lisa Lucie Le Dortz) 12 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04646754v1
-
[hal-04573144] Tick-borne zoonotic flaviviruses and Borrelia infections in wildlife hosts: what have field studies contributed?
Tick-borne flaviviruses and Borrelia spp. are globally spread pathogens of zoonotic potential that are maintained by a transmission cycle at the interface between ticks and vertebrate hosts, mainly wild animals. Aside data on pathogen burden in ticks, information on the status of various hosts relative to infection is important to acquire. We reviewed how those infections have been studied in wildlife host species in the field to discuss how collected data provided relevant epidemiological information and to identify needs for further studies. The literature was screened for observational studies on pathogen or antibody detection for tick-borne Borrelia spp. and flaviviruses in wildlife host animals. Overall, Borrelia spp. were more studied (73% of case studies, representing 297 host species) than flaviviruses (27% of case studies, representing 114 host species). Studies on both Borrelia spp. and flaviviruses focused mainly on the same species, namely bank vole and yellow-necked mouse. Most studies were order-specific and cross-sectional, reporting prevalence at various locations, but with little insight into the underlying epidemiological dynamics. Host species with potential to act as reservoir hosts of these pathogens were neglected, notably birds. We highlight the necessity of collecting both demographics and infection data in wildlife studies, and to consider communities of species, to better estimate zoonotic risk potential in the One Health context.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Armelle Poisson) 26 Jul 2024
https://u-bourgogne.hal.science/hal-04573144v1
-
[pasteur-04548947] Increased threat of urban arboviral diseases from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Colombia
Objectives Our study targets the potential of the local urban mosquito Aedes aegypti to experimentally transmit chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Methods We collected eggs and adults of Ae. aegypti in Medellín, Colombia (from February to March 2020) for mosquito experimental infections with DENV, CHIKV, YFV and ZIKV and viral detection using the BioMark Dynamic arrays system. Results We show that Ae. aegypti from Medellín was more prone to become infected, to disseminate and transmit CHIKV and ZIKV than DENV and YFV. Conclusions Thus, in Colombia, chikungunya is the most serious threat to public health based on our vector competence data.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rosa Margarita Gélvez Ramírez) 16 Apr 2024
https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-04548947v1
-
[hal-04601322] Multimodal treatment of a preauricular and palpebral Feline Bowenoid In Situ Carcinoma (BISC) in a cat : Photodynamic Therapy, caudal auricular cutaneous flap and radiotherapy
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Noëlle Cochet-Faivre) 04 Jun 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04601322v1
-
[hal-04601326] Large palpebral cystadenomatosis in a cat, successfully managed by diode laser vaporization
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matthieu Bott) 04 Jun 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04601326v1
-
[hal-04601332] Assessment of Meibomian glands morphology and tear film quality in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic sebaceous adenitis or leishmaniosis: a pilot study
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Coline Jondeau) 04 Jun 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04601332v1
-
[anses-04604994] Giardia duodenalis in Algeria: a review within a One Health approach
Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that primarily infects the small intestine of various mammals, including humans. It is a complex of species composed of multiple genotypes known as assemblages A to H. Assemblages A and B, which are considered the most zoonotic, pose a significant risk to human health. Assem-blages C to H are generally found in companion animals, livestock, rodents and marine vertebrates. Giardiasis, the infection caused by G.duodenalis, is the most common intestinal parasitic infection worldwide. In Algeria, the lack of data on the occurrence and genetic characteristics of G.duodenalis limits our understanding of its epidemiology, impact and zoonotic potential. This review focuses on research conducted in Algeria, covering humans, animals and the environment, with an emphasis on the “One Health” approach. PubMed and ResearchGate databases were used to access relevant publications on the presence of G.duodenalis in humans, animals and the environment from January 2000 to April 2023. Of the seventeen publications identified, only four articles used molecular tools to iden-tify G.duodenalis. The results revealed the presence of G.duodenalis in humans, livestock (cattle, sheep and camels), and the environment (water and soil sam-ples). The prevalence and genetic diversity of G.duodenalis isolates varied across regions and age groups in both humans and animals. Assemblage A was commonly found in humans and animals, indicating potential zoonotic transmission. Further studies are necessary to fully grasp the transmission dynamics, zoonotic potential and public health and animal welfare implications of G.duodenalis in Algeria. Veterinarians, biologists, ecologists and health professionals should work together to tackle G.duodenalis as part of the “One Health” approach. Implementing prevention and control strategies tailored to specific regions and improving hygiene and animal husbandry practices are vital to reduce the burden of giardiasis in both humans and animals.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myriam Thomas) 07 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04604994v1
-
[hal-04493615] Noninvasive detection of Zika virus in mosquito excreta sampled from wild mosquito populations in French Guiana
Arboviruses can be difficult to detect in the field due to relatively low prevalence in mosquito populations. The discovery that infected mosquitoes can release viruses in both their saliva and excreta gave rise to low-cost methods for the detection of arboviruses during entomological surveillance. We implemented both saliva and excreta-based entomological surveillance during the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in French Guiana in 2016 by trapping mosquitoes around households of symptomatic cases with confirmed ZIKV infection. ZIKV was detected in mosquito excreta and not in mosquito saliva in 1 trap collection out of 85 (1.2%). One female Ae. aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) was found with a ZIKV systemic infection in the corresponding trap. The lag time between symptom onset in a ZIKV-infected individual living near the trap site and ZIKV detection in this mosquito was 1 wk. These results highlight the potential of detection in excreta from trapped mosquitoes as a sensitive and cost-effective method to non invasively detect arbovirus circulation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amandine Guidez) 08 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04493615v1
-
[hal-04635887] Exploring the impact of breast cancer on colonization resistance of mouse microbiota using network node manipulation
Breast cancer, a global health concern affecting women, has been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota, impacting various aspects of human health. This study investigates the interplay between breast cancer and the gut microbiome, particularly focusing on colonization resistance-an essential feature of the microbiota's ability to prevent pathogenic overgrowth. Using a mouse model of breast cancer, we employ diversity analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, and robustness tests to elucidate the impact of breast cancer on microbiome dynamics. Our results reveal that breast cancer exposure affects the bacterial community's composition and structure, with temporal dynamics playing a role. Network analysis demonstrates that breast cancer disrupts microbial interactions and decreases network complexity, potentially compromising colonization resistance. Moreover, network robustness analysis shows the susceptibility of the microbiota to node removal, indicating potential vulnerability to pathogenic colonization. Additionally, predicted metabolic profiling of the microbiome highlights the significance of the enzyme EC 6.2.1.2 - Butyrate-CoA ligase, potentially increasing butyrate, and balancing the reduction of colonization resistance. The identification of Rubrobacter as a key contributor to this enzyme suggests its role in shaping the microbiota's response to breast cancer. This study uncovers the intricate relationship between breast cancer, the gut microbiome, and colonization resistance, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies and diagnostic approaches for breast cancer patients.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alejandra Wu-Chuang) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04635887v1
-
[hal-04635886] Spatiotemporal trends and covariates of Lyme borreliosis incidence in Poland, 2010–2019
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most commonly diagnosed tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. Since an efficient vaccine is not yet available, prevention of transmission is essential. This, in turn, requires a thorough comprehension of the spatiotemporal dynamics of LB transmission as well as underlying drivers. This study aims to identify spatiotemporal trends and unravel environmental and socio-economic covariates of LB incidence in Poland, using consistent monitoring data from 2010 through 2019 obtained for 320 (aggregated) districts. Using yearly LB incidence values, we identified an overall increase in LB incidence from 2010 to 2019. Additionally, we observed a large variation of LB incidences between the Polish districts, with the highest risks of LB in the eastern districts. We applied spatiotemporal Bayesian models in an all-subsets modeling framework to evaluate potential associations between LB incidence and various potentially relevant environmental and socio-economic variables, including climatic conditions as well as characteristics of the vegetation and the density of tick host species. The best-supported spatiotemporal model identified positive relationships between LB incidence and forest cover, the share of parks and green areas, minimum monthly temperature, mean monthly precipitation, and gross primary productivity. A negative relationship was found with human population density. The findings of our study indicate that LB incidence in Poland might increase as a result of ongoing climate change, notably increases in minimum monthly temperature. Our results may aid in the development of targeted prevention strategies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Joanna Kulisz) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04635886v1
-
[hal-04677937] One health approach to study human health risks associated with Dermanyssus gallinae mites
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pavle Banović) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04677937v1
-
[hal-04619299] One health approach to study human health risks associated with Dermanyssus gallinae mites
Despite the significant health risks associated with Dermanyssus gallinae infestations in humans, they are often overlooked. This study investigated a household case of D. gallinae infestation and explored the resulting clinical manifestations and risk of infection in family members. Microfluidic PCR was employed for high -throughput screening of pathogens in collected mites and blood samples from both chickens and family members. Morphological and molecular examinations confirmed the identity of the mites as D. gallinae sensu stricto (s.s.), with evidence indicating recent blood feeding. Results indicated that the mites exclusively harbored various pathogens, including Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp., Apicomplexa, and Theileria spp. Blood samples from family members and poultry tested negative for these pathogens, suggesting a potential reservoir role for D. gallinae . The study further identified haplotypes of D. gallinae , classifying them into D. gallinae s.s., cosmopolitan haplogroup A. Serological analysis revealed elevated IgE seroreactivity against mite proteins in the family member with bite lesions. Antibodies against Bartonella spp. were detected in this individual, indicating exposure to the pathogen. In summary, this study sheds light on the clinical manifestations, pathogen detection, and genetic characterization of D. gallinae infestations, underscoring the necessity of adopting comprehensive approaches to manage such infestations effectively.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pavle Banović) 12 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04619299v1
-
[hal-04635885] Blood Group Variations in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma and Regular Blood Donors: A Comparative Analysis in the Serbian Population
This research explores the association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, analyzing Convalescent COVID-19 plasma (CCP) donors (n = 500) and healthy whole blood donors (BDs) (n = 9678) during the pandemic (1 May 2020 to 30 April 2021). A comparison is made with pre-pandemic BDs (n = 11,892) from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2019. Significant differences in blood group distribution are observed, with blood group A individuals being three times more likely to be CCP donors. Conversely, blood groups B, O, and AB are less associated with CCP donation. Notably, blood group O is more prevalent among regular BDs, suggesting potential resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study underscores variations in blood group distribution during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic periods. The findings support previous research indicating a link between blood group antigens and viral susceptibility, including SARS-CoV-2. Understanding these associations has implications for public health strategies, with potential for predicting COVID-19 outcomes and transmission patterns. Further research is crucial to explore molecular and immunological mechanisms, providing valuable insights for targeted preventive strategies and personalized healthcare in managing the impact of COVID-19.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jasmina Grujić) 04 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04635885v1
-
[hal-04562390] Experimental Infections Reveal Acquired Zoonotic Capacity of Human Schistosomiasis Trough Hybridization
We are currently witnessing the endemization of urogenital schistosomiasis in southern Europe. The incriminated parasite is a hybrid between a human parasite and a livestock parasite. Using an experimental evolutionary protocol, we created hybrid lines from pure strains of both parasite species. We showed that the host spectrum of the human parasite is enlarged to the livestock parasite after genomic introgression. We also evidenced that the tropism of the parasites within the host changes and that some hybrid lines are more virulent than the parental strains. These results engage a paradigm shift from human to zoonotic transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bruno Polack) 29 Apr 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04562390v1
-
[hal-04559697] Spatial Distribution and Pathogen Profile of Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks in Southeastern Poland: A Genetic and Environmental Analysis
In recent years, significant changes have been observed in the distribution and abundance of local Dermacentor reticulatus populations. However, changes in D. reticulatus dynamics have not been studied in southeastern Poland. Our objective was to enhance our understanding of the environmental factors influencing the occurrence and density of D. reticulatus in this area. Additionally, we sought to investigate the genetic diversity of the tick population and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). To this end, we established 45 study sites in the Subcarpathian province. Ticks were collected during their peak activity in both spring and autumn. A subset of randomly selected specimens underwent molecular analysis for TBPs screening, using high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCR. Positive amplicons were then sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. Our findings confirmed the presence of D. reticulatus ticks in 24 surveyed sites, primarily concentrated in the northern and eastern parts of the region. The mean density of D. reticulatus ticks in their compact range was 5.8 ± 6.4 specimens/100 m2. Notably, air temperature and altitude emerged as significant factors influencing the species’ activity. We also identified a high prevalence of Rickettsia raoultii infections in adult D. reticulatus, reaching up to 84.21%. Additionally, 9.52% of ticks were found to be infected with R. helvetica and 4.76% with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Furthermore, our genetic analyses confirmed the identity of D. reticulatus in the Subcarpathian region, aligning with haplotypes found in other regions of Poland, Czechia, Croatia, and Portugal. In conclusion, our study suggests that the surveyed region represents the current boundary of the compact range of D. reticulatus in Poland in which this tick species exhibits low genetic diversity and a narrow spectrum of detected TBPs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Zbigniew Zając) 25 Apr 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04559697v1
-
[anses-04574028] Risque de transmission du virus Monkeypox par la manipulation et la consommation d'aliments
La variole simienne est une maladie infectieuse zoonotique causée par le virus Monkeypox (MPXV), un virus à ADN enveloppé appartenant à la famille des Poxviridae et au genre Orthopoxvirus. Au printemps 2022, de nombreux cas humains ont été signalés dans des pays non endémiques, sans antécédents de contact avec des animaux importés ou de voyage dans une zone où le virus circulait habituellement. Cette évaluation qualitative des risques visait à étudier la probabilité de transmission du MPXV par les aliments lors de leur manipulation et de leur consommation. L’évaluation des risques a utilisé deux approches : (i) l’approche « descendante » (basée sur des données épidémiologiques) a d’abord conclu que la viande de brousse était le seul aliment suspecté d’être une source de contamination dans les cas enregistrés de MPXV, par contact ou par ingestion. (ii) L’approche « ascendante » (en suivant l’agent tout au long de la chaîne alimentaire pour évaluer le risque de transmission à l’humain par voie alimentaire) a évalué la chaîne d’événements nécessaires pour qu’un être humain tombe malade après avoir manipulé ou consommé des aliments. Cette approche implique plusieurs conditions : (i) l’aliment doit être contaminé par le MPXV ; (ii) avec un virus viable lorsqu’il parvient au manipulateur ou au consommateur ; (iii) la personne doit être exposée au virus et ; (iv) elle doit être infectée après exposition. Les conclusions des approches descendante et ascendante sont cohérentes et suggèrent que le risque de transmission du MPXV par les aliments reste hypothétique et qu’une telle occurrence n’a jamais été rapportée. En cas de contamination éventuelle d’un aliment, la cuisson (par exemple, 12 minutes à 70 °C) pourrait être considérée comme efficace pour inactiver les Poxviridae dans les aliments. À notre connaissance, il s’agit de la première évaluation des risques réalisée sur la transmission du MPXV par voie alimentaire.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Chaix) 13 May 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04574028v1
-
[hal-04557489] Dynamic nesting of Anaplasma marginale in the microbial communities of Rhipicephalus microplus
Abstract Interactions within the tick microbiome involving symbionts, commensals, and tick‐borne pathogens (TBPs) play a pivotal role in disease ecology. This study explored temporal changes in the microbiome of Rhipicephalus microplus , an important cattle tick vector, focusing on its interaction with Anaplasma marginale . To overcome limitations inherent in sampling methods relying on questing ticks, which may not consistently reflect pathogen presence due to variations in exposure to infected hosts in nature, our study focused on ticks fed on chronically infected cattle. This approach ensures continuous pathogen exposure, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the nesting patterns of A. marginale in the R. microplus microbiome. Using next‐generation sequencing, microbiome dynamics were characterized over 2 years, revealing significant shifts in diversity, composition, and abundance. Anaplasma marginale exhibited varying associations, with its increased abundance correlating with reduced microbial diversity. Co‐occurrence networks demonstrated Anaplasma 's evolving role, transitioning from diverse connections to keystone taxa status. An integrative approach involving in silico node removal unveils the impact of Anaplasma on network stability, highlighting its role in conferring robustness to the microbial community. This study provides insights into the intricate interplay between the tick microbiome and A. marginale , shedding light on potential avenues for controlling bovine anaplasmosis through microbiome manipulation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elianne Piloto-Sardiñas) 24 Apr 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04557489v1
-
[hal-04530626] Enrichment and characterization of muscle extracellular vesicles (EVs) during Trichinella spiralis infection in mice
During the muscle invasion by Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (NBL), the transformation of muscle cells to nurse cells is still not understood, in particular the molecular interplays between host and parasite remains not identified. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the latest decades opens a new field in the understanding of how the pathogen makes itself a niche indispensable for its survival. Produced by almost all cell types, it has been identified as a new way of cell-cell communication in mammals and a new way of host-pathogen interactions in helminths. Muscle cells themselves produce EVs during physiological mechanisms, like regeneration (to which infection with Trichinella has been compared), or pathological conditions, like denervation, inflammation or insulin resistance. In regeneration, muscle cells exchange EVs with satellite cells to induce their proliferation or with immune cells to induce an inflammatory response. Moreover, muscle EVs are enriched in vimentin, an intermediate filament protein. We have previously shown that a NBL stage specific protein (NBL-1) induce the expression of vimentin in muscle cells in vitro. We therefore investigated muscle EVs in OF1 mice during oral infection by Trichinella spiralis (ISS004). EVs were enriched by ultracentrifugation after muscle digestion and analysed for their size and number by tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS), purity through the absence of cell-associated proteins (immunodetection in Western Blot), EVs-associated markers (CD9, CD63, Tsg101) and the vimentin protein content. The presence of Trichinella antigens has also been tested. Muscle EVs properties vary during the infection cycle. Vimentin and CD9 protein content of EVs (normalised to EVs protein rate) varies. CD9 tetraspanin is also known as a regulator of cell fusion during muscle regeneration. These results will allow to initiate a more global analysis of local EVs in muscle by proteomic and transcriptomic to understand how the parasite and the cell populations interact through this way. New biomarker or vaccine target candidates may thus be identified.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie Maurer) 03 Apr 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04530626v1
-
[anses-04509655] Avis de l'Anses relatif à la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo
Selon la saisine, la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo (FHCC) est une maladie vectorisée par les tiques, potentiellement grave chez l’être humain, présente en Europe de l’Est et, depuis une dizaine d’années, en Espagne. Les espèces vectrices du genre Hyalomma sont présentes en Corse et sur le littoral méditerranéen. La transmission par les fluides biologiques est également mentionnée. Dans le cadre de son mandat auprès de la DGAL pour surveiller les maladies animales ou les zoonoses exotiques émergentes en France, le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique (CIRAD) a prélevé, sur des bovins d’élevage des Pyrénées-Orientales, des tiques du genre Hyalomma chez lesquelles a été mis en évidence, en octobre 2023, le génome du virus de la FHCC. Les prévalences d’infection de ces tiques sont telles qu’elles suggèrent bien une circulation locale du virus de la FHCC. De surcroît, ces prévalences sont en complète cohérence avec les enquêtes sérologiques menées depuis 2018 dans la même zone, en particulier sur des bovins. Dans ce contexte, l’avis de l’Anses est sollicité pour : • proposer « des recommandations de prévention à destination des éleveurs de ruminants, intervenants en élevage et vétérinaires, des personnels des abattoirs et des chasseurs, ainsi que des agents du ministère de l’agriculture et de la souveraineté alimentaire en charge de l’inspection des abattoirs, au regard du risque d’infection par les fluides d’animaux virémiques. Ces recommandations porteront sur les mesures à appliquer selon les activités, les espèces animales concernées, les périodes à risque et les secteurs géographiques concernés. » Il est demandé de proposer « en particulier des mesures de réduction du risque lié aux fluides biologiques des animaux virémiques tout au long du processus d’élevage et en abattoir ». Il est également demandé de se prononcer « sur l’efficacité des options envisagées au regard du risque et leurs effets collatéraux ». • établir « une synthèse des zones et des périodes à risque au regard des différentes voies de transmission virale à l’humain, en s’appuyant notamment sur des données de surveillance acarologique, de sérologie et virologie animale et, le cas échéant, de sérologie humaine autour des élevages séropositifs ». [Saisine liée n°2020-SA-0039]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nadia Haddad) 18 Mar 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04509655v1
-
[hal-04557499] Influence of microbiota-driven natural antibodies on dengue transmission
Dengue has had a significant global health impact, with a dramatic increase in incidence over the past 50 years, affecting more than 100 countries. The absence of a specific treatment or widely applicable vaccine emphasizes the urgent need for innovative strategies. This perspective reevaluates current evidence supporting the concept of dual protection against the dengue virus (DENV) through natural antibodies (NAbs), particularly anti-α-Gal antibodies induced by the host’s gut microbiome (GM). These anti-α-Gal antibodies serve a dual purpose. Firstly, they can directly identify DENV, as mosquito-derived viral particles have been observed to carry α-Gal, thereby providing a safeguard against human infections. Secondly, they possess the potential to impede virus development in the vector by interacting with the vector’s microbiome and triggering infection-refractory states. The intricate interplay between human GM and NAbs on one side and DENV and vector microbiome on the other suggests a novel approach, using NAbs to directly target DENV and simultaneously disrupt vector microbiome to decrease pathogen transmission and vector competence, thereby blocking DENV transmission cycles.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alejandra Wu-Chuang) 24 Apr 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04557499v1
-
[anses-04504013] Exploring type I interferon pathway: virulent vs. attenuated strain of African swine fever virus revealing a novel function carried by MGF505-4R
African swine fever virus represents a significant reemerging threat to livestock populations, as its incidence and geographic distribution have surged over the past decade in Europe, Asia, and Caribbean, resulting in substantial socio-economic burdens and adverse effects on animal health and welfare. In a previous report, we described the protective properties of our newly thermo-attenuated strain (ASFV-989) in pigs against an experimental infection of its parental Georgia 2007/1 virulent strain. In this new study, our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of ASFV-989. We first compared the activation of type I interferon pathway in response to ASFV-989 and Georgia 2007/1 infections, employing both in vivo and in vitro models. Expression of IFN-α was significantly increased in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with ASFV-989 while pigs infected with Georgia 2007/1 showed higher IFN-α than those infected by ASFV-989. We also used a medium-throughput transcriptomic approach to study the expression of viral genes by both strains, and identified several patterns of gene expression. Subsequently, we investigated whether proteins encoded by the eight genes deleted in ASFV-989 contribute to the modulation of the type I interferon signaling pathway. Using different strategies, we showed that MGF505-4R interfered with the induction of IFN-α/β pathway, likely through interaction with TRAF3. Altogether, our data reveal key differences between ASFV-989 and Georgia 2007/1 in their ability to control IFN-α/β signaling and provide molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MGF505-4R as a virulence factor.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Juliette Dupré) 14 Mar 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04504013v1
-
[hal-04500027] Age- and Sex-Associated Pathogenesis of Cell Culture-Passaged Kemerovo Virus in IFNAR(−/−) Mice
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a tick-borne orbivirus transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Previous animal experimentation studies with orbiviruses, in particular the interferon receptor double knock-out (IFNAR(−/−)) mouse model, did not indicate bias that is related to age or sex. We endeavoured to assess the effect of serial and alternated passages of KEMV in mammalian or Ixodes cells on virus replication and potential virulence in male or female IFNAR(−/−) mice, with important age differences: younger males (4–5 months old), older males (14–15 months old), and old females (14–15 months old). After 30 serial passages in mammalian or tick cells, or alternated passages in the two cell types, older female mice which were inoculated with the resulting virus strains were the first to show clinical signs and die. Younger males behaved differently from older males whether they were inoculated with the parental strain of KEMV or with any of the cell culture-passaged strains. The groups of male and female mice inoculated with the mammalian cell culture-adapted KEMV showed the lowest viraemia. While older female and younger male mice died by day 6 post-inoculation, surprisingly, the older males survived until the end of the experiment, which lasted 10 days. RNA extracted from blood and organs of the various mice was tested by probe-based KEMV real-time RT-PCR. Ct values of the RNA extracts were comparable between older females and younger males, while the values for older males were &gt;5 Ct units higher for the various organs, indicating lower levels of replication. It is noteworthy that the hearts of the old males were the only organs that were negative for KEMV RNA. These results suggest, for the first time, an intriguing age- and sex-related bias for an orbivirus in this animal model. Changes in the amino acid sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Kemerovo virus, derived from the first serial passage in Ixodes cells (KEMV Ps.IRE1), were identified in the vicinity of the active polymerase site. This finding suggests that selection of a subpopulation of KEMV with better replication fitness in tick cells occurred.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Camille Victoire Migné) 04 Apr 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04500027v1
-
[anses-04572758] La fièvre de West Nile: sous surveillance, même en France !
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Camille Migne) 12 May 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04572758v1
